Indicators of affective component Essay Example for Free

Indicators of affective component Essay This observation gives a glimpse that how sense of belonging, and need for being wanted, loved, and cared for particularly by the family members are essential components to experiencing happiness in the lives of the Gladys elderly. The results show that the institutionalized elderly to having a sense of security in terms of their future. This sense of security in terms of money alone does not ensure happiness or well-being among the elderly. According to their administrators, the elderly seemed to try to cope with their given situation of not having the family members to take care of their emotional needs. Apparently they put on a brave front and tried to sound unaffected and affirmed that they were in ‘good hands’ and ‘there was nothing to worry’ ‘that fathers will take care of until they die’ and even compared their room in Gladys as cozy as one’s ‘mother’s womb. ’ One could notice that most of their references pertained to physical security and not to emotional security which they probably were aware that they could not expect from their family members. Family care is the traditional approach to care giving for the aged and they prefer to be cared at home because it offers better morale and security (Doress-Worters Siegal, 1994). Along with the material security, the need for emotional security is to be assured for the institutionalized aged to experience subjective sense of well-being. Contributing Factors toward SWB among the Institutionalized Aged Results of the study reveal that from the administrators’ viewpoint, subjective well-being among the institutionalized aged rests on their physical health, autonomy/freedom, money/income, meaningful relationships, social interest, concept of time, attitude toward death, and religion and/spirituality. Each of these themes/factors had its sub themes or factors. Physical Health The findings based on the case analysis, content analyzed in-depth interviews with the elderly, and their close associates were consistent on the aspect of health. It highlighted the importance of age specific physical health as one of the most important variables in predicting well-being or happiness among the eldely in the study. It has been empirically proven. According to Campbell et al. (1976), â€Å"When respondents are asked to judge the importance of various domains of their lives, â€Å"good health† obtains the highest rating. † Under physical health, basic competence or physical mobility, food, accommodation, environment, physical exercise and recreational activities (expanded competence) were also considered in the study. The findings showed that these different domains of health contributed toward better physical well-being which positively influences emotional well-being of the elderly. Studies based on older people suggest those encountering functional health problems (basic competence) are at risk for experiencing decline in subjective well-being (Kunzmann, Little, Smith, 2000). It showed that those who enjoyed functional health or having basic competence had come to terms with or maintained a positive attitude toward aging and the age-related physical decline. This finding is aligned with the supposition of Kunzmann et al. (2000) that if it were possible for one to get older without experiencing losses and negative events such as declines in health and physical functioning, he or she would experience increased levels of emotional health. Autonomy/Freedom Freedom and autonomy played a significant role in the well-being of the older adults under study as perceived by Gladys Spellman administrators. Minimal external restrictions and individual freedom even in spiritual matters were considered to be the most attractive feature of the ‘home’, which gave them a sense of independence and personal worth. According to Christopher (1999) it is our capacity for autonomy that brings us our dignity as human beings. Butler et al.(1998) resumed that a possible nagging question in the older person is, â€Å"Can I survive independently without being a burden? † The person whose identity has been that of a dependent person may find it easier to accept illness and institutionalization than so-called independent, autonomous person whose identity has been structured accordingly. Studies conducted by the National Institute of Health show that restrictions in control have detrimental effects on the health of older people (Butler et al. 1998), and therefore on their subjective perception and experience of well being.

Authorial Opinion Of Wife Of Bath Essay -- essays research papers

The character of the Wife of Bath is clearly feminist. She indicates this by her extreme ideas of female â€Å"maistrye† and statements such as â€Å"I have the power duringe al my lyf upon his proper body, and nought he,† which is extremely feminist. However, Chaucer makes us see the Wife of Bath as inconsistent, at times illogical, and also amoral and adulterous, The prologue and tale is spoken by a woman of supposed vast experience, yet was written by a man. While the prologue and tale may be seemingly feminist, could it be a vehicle for a deeper anti-feminist message? The Wife of Bath had a strong argument in favour of marriage but is easy to fault. Her argument that marriage grows more virgins, while correct makes us wonder why she bore no children. And she also mentions the fact that â€Å"in wyfhood I wol use myn instrument† but her marriage did not seem to have stopped her from restraining her â€Å"Chamber of Venus from a good felawe.† The Wife of Bath confuses bigamy with remarriage and manipulates the arguments for remarriage to suit her purpose. Chaucer gives the Wife of Bath’s arguments less credibility The wife of bath strongly argued in favour of female â€Å"maistrye.† She argued this in the prologue and used the tale to bring the message home. Her arguments are weakened however by the destructive and careless behaviour of the Wife of Bath. She openly laughs at them (â€Å"I laugh whan I thinke†) when she thinks of how she made her husbands toil at night. She doesn’t seem to regret the...

Advantages of trade liberalization Essay

During these last decades, the world economy has experienced rapid growth. This growth has been fueled in part by the more rapid growth of international trade. Trade growth, in turn, results from both technological developments and concerted efforts to reduce barriers to trade. Some developing countries have opened their economies to take full advantage of opportunities for economic development through trade, but many are those who abstained. Trade barriers that persist in industrialized countries are concentrated on agricultural products and manufacturing intensive labor, for which developing countries have a comparative advantage. The pursuit of trade liberalization, particularly in these areas, both industrialized and developing countries, help the poorest out of extreme poverty while also benefiting the industrialized countries themselves. Policies that open economy to trade and investment around the world are essential to sustained economic growth. For several decades, no country experienced economic success, demonstrated by the substantial increase in living standards of its people, without being open to the rest of the world. Conversely, opening to trade – as well as foreign direct investment – was an important element in the economic success of East Asia, where over the last 20 years the average import duties fell to a level of 30 % to 10 %. China for example, remained closed in 2003 based on the undivided power of the Communist Party and its black market exchange rate premium, which averaged 36% between 1990-1999 (Easterly and Sewadeh, 2002). In addition, China had a relatively high average tariff rate, 31%, between 1990-1999. Today, we can  admit that China is perhaps the best example of the positive connection between openness and economic growth. Reforms in China transformed it from a highly protected market to perhaps the most open emerging market economy by the time it came into the World Trade Organization at the end of 2001 (1). The opening of their economy to the world market is the key factor that has enabled many developing countries to develop comparative advantages in the manufacture of certain products. In these countries that the World Bank called â€Å"new globalists† the number of people living in absolute poverty has declined by more than 120 million people (14% ) between 1993 and 1998 (2). There is a considerable number of facts showing that countries that are more open to the outside tend to consistently grow faster than those which are closed onto themselves (3). In fact, we can see that the benefits of trade liberalization can be more than ten times higher than its Cost. Countries that have opened their economies in recent years, including India, Vietnam and Uganda, have experienced faster growth and a more pronounced reduction of poverty (4). On average, those developing countries that have strongly reduced their tariffs in the 1980s have grown faster than other growth during the 1990s. Trade liberalization often particularly benefits to poors. The increased growth resulting from trade liberalization tends to increase the incomes of the poors in general at the same proportions as those of the entire population (5). New jobs are created for unskilled workers, enabling them to enter the middle class. Generally, inequality between countries has been declining since 1990 , reflecting the fastest economic growth in developing countries, which is partly due to the trade liberalization. Trade liberalization reduces the cost of living. For example, in the EU Member States, services such as transport, energy, postal services and telecommunications have previously been provided by national organisations with exclusive rights to provide a given service. By opening up these markets to international competition, consumers can now choose from a number of alternative service providers and products. Opening up these markets to competition has also allowed consumers to benefit from lower prices and new  services which are usually more efficient and consumer-friendly than before. This helps to make the economy more competitive (6). The elimination of the remaining trade barriers is likely to provide significant gains. Gains from the removal of all barriers to merchandise trade are estimated between 250 and 680 billion dollars per year. Approximately two thirds of these gains accrue to industrialized countries. But the amount for developing countries would still be more than two times higher than the support they currently receive. Further trade liberalization would benefit more, as a percentage of their GDP, to developing countries than to industrialized countries because their economies are more strongly protected and they face higher barriers. Although an improved access to the markets of other countries has advantages, liberalizing their own market is the most profitable to the countries. For industrialized countries, the main benefits come from the liberalization of agricultural markets. Developing countries benefit equally to liberalize their manufacturing and agriculture. Sources 1. http://blogs.worldbank.org/opendata/bert-hofman-chinas-economy-7-favorite-number For China’s Economy, 7 Is a Favorite Number, video April 24 2014 https://www.imf.org/external/np/apd/seminars/2003/newdelhi/lardy.pdfTrade Liberalization and Its Role in Chinese Economic Growth, Nicholas R. Lardy, New Delhi, November 14-16, 2003 2. World Bank : Globalization, Growth, and Poverty : Facts, Fears and an Agenda for Action 3. Example: Jeffrey Frankel et David Romer, â€Å"Does Trade Cause Growth?†,American Economic Review, juin 1999 4. David Dollar, â€Å"Globalisation, Inequality, and Poverty since 1980†, World bank 5. David Dollar and Aart Kraay, â€Å"Trade, Growth, and Poverty†, World bank 2001 6. http://www.wto.org/french/thewto_f/whatis_f/10ben_f/10b04_f.htm La libà ©ralisation des à ©changes rà ©duit le coà »t de la vie, Organisation Mondiale du Commerce http://perso.univ-rennes1.fr/denis.delgay-troise/CI/Cours/REI111.pdf L’à ©volution des à ©changes internationaux

Sexual Fidelity Is Part Of The Institution Of Marriage

Sexual fidelity is part of the institution of marriage and any form of extramarital sex could often lead to the dissolution of marriage. This research provides an overview to identify cues on infidelity. This article also examines the relationship between people’s relative income contributions, a measure of household specialization and infidelity something that has received little regard (Munsch 2015). Any form of emotional or sexual intimacy with someone other than your spouse qualifies as infidelity. Although research on infidelity has been conducted for years it has produced varying results. In most studies the findings show that men are more likely to engage in infidelity. It also shows that a number of married couples are likely to engage in some sort of infidelity. In previous research it suggested that African Americans engaged in infidelity more than any other race (2015). Money also plays an intricate part in many marriages and the dissolution of marriages. M oney and infidelity is one of the leading causes of disruption and the dissolution of many marriages. According to societal norms money is usually associated with infidelity. For economically dependent persons there is a higher chance on infidelity. Affairs are more common in today’s society and it is still morally wrong. Many married couples have broken their sacred promise of their vows â€Å"til death do us part.† Infidelity is the not the go- between for divorce, but it is more than likely the reasonShow MoreRelatedEssay On Romantic Love1503 Words   |  7 PagesMarriage poses a threat to the search for romantic love because, as Solomon in â€Å"All About Love† states, the â€Å"long history of marriage as a sacrament has little to say about sexual love, and sometimes has much to say against it.†(Page 60, Solomon). 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